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  <div class="section" id="low-level-api-index">
<h1>Low-level API Index<a class="headerlink" href="#low-level-api-index" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
<p>This page lists all low-level asyncio APIs.</p>
<div class="section" id="obtaining-the-event-loop">
<h2>获取事件循环<a class="headerlink" href="#obtaining-the-event-loop" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
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<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.get_running_loop" title="asyncio.get_running_loop"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.get_running_loop()</span></code></a></td>
<td>The <strong>preferred</strong> function to get the running event loop.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.get_event_loop" title="asyncio.get_event_loop"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Get an event loop instance (current or via the policy).</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.set_event_loop" title="asyncio.set_event_loop"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.set_event_loop()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Set the event loop as current via the current policy.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.new_event_loop" title="asyncio.new_event_loop"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.new_event_loop()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Create a new event loop.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">示例</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-future.html#asyncio-example-future"><span class="std std-ref">Using asyncio.get_running_loop()</span></a>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="event-loop-methods">
<h2>事件循环方法集<a class="headerlink" href="#event-loop-methods" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>See also the main documentation section about the
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio-event-loop"><span class="std std-ref">event loop methods</span></a>.</p>
<p class="rubric">Lifecycle</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.run_until_complete" title="asyncio.loop.run_until_complete"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.run_until_complete()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Run a Future/Task/awaitable until complete.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.run_forever" title="asyncio.loop.run_forever"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.run_forever()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Run the event loop forever.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.stop" title="asyncio.loop.stop"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.stop()</span></code></a></td>
<td>停止事件循环。</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.close" title="asyncio.loop.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.close()</span></code></a></td>
<td>关闭事件循环。</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.is_running" title="asyncio.loop.is_running"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.is_running()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the event loop is running.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.is_closed" title="asyncio.loop.is_closed"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.is_closed()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the event loop is closed.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.shutdown_asyncgens" title="asyncio.loop.shutdown_asyncgens"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.shutdown_asyncgens()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Close asynchronous generators.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">Debugging</p>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.set_debug" title="asyncio.loop.set_debug"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.set_debug()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Enable or disable the debug mode.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.get_debug" title="asyncio.loop.get_debug"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.get_debug()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Get the current debug mode.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">Scheduling Callbacks</p>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.call_soon" title="asyncio.loop.call_soon"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.call_soon()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Invoke a callback soon.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.call_soon_threadsafe" title="asyncio.loop.call_soon_threadsafe"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.call_soon_threadsafe()</span></code></a></td>
<td>A thread-safe variant of <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.call_soon" title="asyncio.loop.call_soon"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.call_soon()</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.call_later" title="asyncio.loop.call_later"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.call_later()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Invoke a callback <em>after</em> the given time.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.call_at" title="asyncio.loop.call_at"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.call_at()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Invoke a callback <em>at</em> the given time.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">Thread/Process Pool</p>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.run_in_executor" title="asyncio.loop.run_in_executor"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.run_in_executor()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Run a CPU-bound or other blocking function in
a <a class="reference internal" href="concurrent.futures.html#module-concurrent.futures" title="concurrent.futures: Execute computations concurrently using threads or processes."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrent.futures</span></code></a> executor.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.set_default_executor" title="asyncio.loop.set_default_executor"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.set_default_executor()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Set the default executor for <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.run_in_executor" title="asyncio.loop.run_in_executor"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.run_in_executor()</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">Tasks and Futures</p>
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<col width="50%" />
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<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_future" title="asyncio.loop.create_future"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_future()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Create a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-future.html#asyncio.Future" title="asyncio.Future"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Future</span></code></a> object.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_task" title="asyncio.loop.create_task"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_task()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Schedule coroutine as a <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Task" title="asyncio.Task"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Task</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.set_task_factory" title="asyncio.loop.set_task_factory"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.set_task_factory()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Set a factory used by <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_task" title="asyncio.loop.create_task"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_task()</span></code></a> to
create <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Task" title="asyncio.Task"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Tasks</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.get_task_factory" title="asyncio.loop.get_task_factory"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.get_task_factory()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Get the factory <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_task" title="asyncio.loop.create_task"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_task()</span></code></a> uses
to create <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#asyncio.Task" title="asyncio.Task"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Tasks</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">DNS</p>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.getaddrinfo" title="asyncio.loop.getaddrinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.getaddrinfo()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Asynchronous version of <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.getaddrinfo" title="socket.getaddrinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket.getaddrinfo()</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.getnameinfo" title="asyncio.loop.getnameinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.getnameinfo()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Asynchronous version of <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.getnameinfo" title="socket.getnameinfo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket.getnameinfo()</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">Networking and IPC</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_connection" title="asyncio.loop.create_connection"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_connection()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Open a TCP connection.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_server" title="asyncio.loop.create_server"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_server()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Create a TCP server.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_unix_connection" title="asyncio.loop.create_unix_connection"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_unix_connection()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Open a Unix socket connection.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_unix_server" title="asyncio.loop.create_unix_server"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_unix_server()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Create a Unix socket server.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.connect_accepted_socket" title="asyncio.loop.connect_accepted_socket"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.connect_accepted_socket()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Wrap a <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket" title="socket.socket"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code></a> into a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(transport,</span> <span class="pre">protocol)</span></code>
pair.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint" title="asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_datagram_endpoint()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Open a datagram (UDP) connection.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.sendfile" title="asyncio.loop.sendfile"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.sendfile()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Send a file over a transport.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.start_tls" title="asyncio.loop.start_tls"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.start_tls()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Upgrade an existing connection to TLS.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.connect_read_pipe" title="asyncio.loop.connect_read_pipe"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.connect_read_pipe()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Wrap a read end of a pipe into a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(transport,</span> <span class="pre">protocol)</span></code> pair.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.connect_write_pipe" title="asyncio.loop.connect_write_pipe"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.connect_write_pipe()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Wrap a write end of a pipe into a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(transport,</span> <span class="pre">protocol)</span></code> pair.</td>
</tr>
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</table>
<p class="rubric">套接字</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.sock_recv" title="asyncio.loop.sock_recv"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.sock_recv()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Receive data from the <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket" title="socket.socket"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.sock_recv_into" title="asyncio.loop.sock_recv_into"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.sock_recv_into()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Receive data from the <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket" title="socket.socket"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code></a> into a buffer.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.sock_sendall" title="asyncio.loop.sock_sendall"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.sock_sendall()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Send data to the <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket" title="socket.socket"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.sock_connect" title="asyncio.loop.sock_connect"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.sock_connect()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Connect the <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket" title="socket.socket"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.sock_accept" title="asyncio.loop.sock_accept"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.sock_accept()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Accept a <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket" title="socket.socket"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code></a> connection.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">await</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.sock_sendfile" title="asyncio.loop.sock_sendfile"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.sock_sendfile()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Send a file over the <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.socket" title="socket.socket"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.add_reader" title="asyncio.loop.add_reader"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.add_reader()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Start watching a file descriptor for read availability.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.remove_reader" title="asyncio.loop.remove_reader"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.remove_reader()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Stop watching a file descriptor for read availability.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.add_writer" title="asyncio.loop.add_writer"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.add_writer()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Start watching a file descriptor for write availability.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.remove_writer" title="asyncio.loop.remove_writer"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.remove_writer()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Stop watching a file descriptor for write availability.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">Unix Signals</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.add_signal_handler" title="asyncio.loop.add_signal_handler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.add_signal_handler()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Add a handler for a <a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#module-signal" title="signal: Set handlers for asynchronous events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.remove_signal_handler" title="asyncio.loop.remove_signal_handler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.remove_signal_handler()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Remove a handler for a <a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#module-signal" title="signal: Set handlers for asynchronous events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">子进程</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.subprocess_exec" title="asyncio.loop.subprocess_exec"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.subprocess_exec()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Spawn a subprocess.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.subprocess_shell" title="asyncio.loop.subprocess_shell"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.subprocess_shell()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Spawn a subprocess from a shell command.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">错误处理</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.call_exception_handler" title="asyncio.loop.call_exception_handler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.call_exception_handler()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Call the exception handler.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.set_exception_handler" title="asyncio.loop.set_exception_handler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.set_exception_handler()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Set a new exception handler.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.get_exception_handler" title="asyncio.loop.get_exception_handler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.get_exception_handler()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Get the current exception handler.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.default_exception_handler" title="asyncio.loop.default_exception_handler"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.default_exception_handler()</span></code></a></td>
<td>The default exception handler implementation.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">示例</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio-example-lowlevel-helloworld"><span class="std std-ref">Using asyncio.get_event_loop() and loop.run_forever()</span></a>.</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio-example-call-later"><span class="std std-ref">Using loop.call_later()</span></a>.</li>
<li>Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_connection()</span></code> to implement
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-example-tcp-echo-client-protocol"><span class="std std-ref">an echo-client</span></a>.</li>
<li>Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_connection()</span></code> to
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-example-create-connection"><span class="std std-ref">connect a socket</span></a>.</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio-example-watch-fd"><span class="std std-ref">Using add_reader() to watch an FD for read events</span></a>.</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio-example-unix-signals"><span class="std std-ref">Using loop.add_signal_handler()</span></a>.</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio-example-subprocess-proto"><span class="std std-ref">Using loop.subprocess_exec()</span></a>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="transports">
<h2>传输<a class="headerlink" href="#transports" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>All transports implement the following methods:</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.BaseTransport.close" title="asyncio.BaseTransport.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.close()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Close the transport.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.BaseTransport.is_closing" title="asyncio.BaseTransport.is_closing"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.is_closing()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the transport is closing or is closed.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.BaseTransport.get_extra_info" title="asyncio.BaseTransport.get_extra_info"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.get_extra_info()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Request for information about the transport.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.BaseTransport.set_protocol" title="asyncio.BaseTransport.set_protocol"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.set_protocol()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Set a new protocol.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.BaseTransport.get_protocol" title="asyncio.BaseTransport.get_protocol"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.get_protocol()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Return the current protocol.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Transports that can receive data (TCP and Unix connections,
pipes, etc).  Returned from methods like
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_connection" title="asyncio.loop.create_connection"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_connection()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_unix_connection" title="asyncio.loop.create_unix_connection"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_unix_connection()</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.connect_read_pipe" title="asyncio.loop.connect_read_pipe"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.connect_read_pipe()</span></code></a>, etc:</p>
<p class="rubric">Read Transports</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.ReadTransport.is_reading" title="asyncio.ReadTransport.is_reading"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.is_reading()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the transport is receiving.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.ReadTransport.pause_reading" title="asyncio.ReadTransport.pause_reading"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.pause_reading()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Pause receiving.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.ReadTransport.resume_reading" title="asyncio.ReadTransport.resume_reading"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.resume_reading()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Resume receiving.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Transports that can Send data (TCP and Unix connections,
pipes, etc).  Returned from methods like
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_connection" title="asyncio.loop.create_connection"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_connection()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_unix_connection" title="asyncio.loop.create_unix_connection"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_unix_connection()</span></code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.connect_write_pipe" title="asyncio.loop.connect_write_pipe"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.connect_write_pipe()</span></code></a>, etc:</p>
<p class="rubric">Write Transports</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.WriteTransport.write" title="asyncio.WriteTransport.write"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.write()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Write data to the transport.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.WriteTransport.writelines" title="asyncio.WriteTransport.writelines"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.writelines()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Write buffers to the transport.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.WriteTransport.can_write_eof" title="asyncio.WriteTransport.can_write_eof"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.can_write_eof()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Return <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code></a> if the transport supports sending EOF.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.WriteTransport.write_eof" title="asyncio.WriteTransport.write_eof"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.write_eof()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Close and send EOF after flushing buffered data.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.WriteTransport.abort" title="asyncio.WriteTransport.abort"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.abort()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Close the transport immediately.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.WriteTransport.get_write_buffer_size" title="asyncio.WriteTransport.get_write_buffer_size"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.get_write_buffer_size()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Return high and low water marks for write flow control.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.WriteTransport.set_write_buffer_limits" title="asyncio.WriteTransport.set_write_buffer_limits"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.set_write_buffer_limits()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Set new high and low water marks for write flow control.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Transports returned by <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint" title="asyncio.loop.create_datagram_endpoint"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.create_datagram_endpoint()</span></code></a>:</p>
<p class="rubric">Datagram Transports</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.DatagramTransport.sendto" title="asyncio.DatagramTransport.sendto"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.sendto()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Send data to the remote peer.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.DatagramTransport.abort" title="asyncio.DatagramTransport.abort"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.abort()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Close the transport immediately.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Low-level transport abstraction over subprocesses.
Returned by <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.subprocess_exec" title="asyncio.loop.subprocess_exec"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.subprocess_exec()</span></code></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.loop.subprocess_shell" title="asyncio.loop.subprocess_shell"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loop.subprocess_shell()</span></code></a>:</p>
<p class="rubric">Subprocess Transports</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.SubprocessTransport.get_pid" title="asyncio.SubprocessTransport.get_pid"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.get_pid()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Return the subprocess process id.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.SubprocessTransport.get_pipe_transport" title="asyncio.SubprocessTransport.get_pipe_transport"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.get_pipe_transport()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Return the transport for the requested communication pipe
(<em>stdin</em>, <em>stdout</em>, or <em>stderr</em>).</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.SubprocessTransport.get_returncode" title="asyncio.SubprocessTransport.get_returncode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.get_returncode()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Return the subprocess return code.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.SubprocessTransport.kill" title="asyncio.SubprocessTransport.kill"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.kill()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Kill the subprocess.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.SubprocessTransport.send_signal" title="asyncio.SubprocessTransport.send_signal"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.send_signal()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Send a signal to the subprocess.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.SubprocessTransport.terminate" title="asyncio.SubprocessTransport.terminate"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.terminate()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Stop the subprocess.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.SubprocessTransport.close" title="asyncio.SubprocessTransport.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">transport.close()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Kill the subprocess and close all pipes.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="protocols">
<h2>Protocols<a class="headerlink" href="#protocols" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>Protocol classes can implement the following <strong>callback methods</strong>:</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.BaseProtocol.connection_made" title="asyncio.BaseProtocol.connection_made"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection_made()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when a connection is made.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.BaseProtocol.connection_lost" title="asyncio.BaseProtocol.connection_lost"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection_lost()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when the connection is lost or closed.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.BaseProtocol.pause_writing" title="asyncio.BaseProtocol.pause_writing"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pause_writing()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when the transport's buffer goes over the high water mark.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.BaseProtocol.resume_writing" title="asyncio.BaseProtocol.resume_writing"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">resume_writing()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when the transport's buffer drains below the low water mark.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">Streaming Protocols (TCP, Unix Sockets, Pipes)</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.Protocol.data_received" title="asyncio.Protocol.data_received"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">data_received()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when some data is received.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.Protocol.eof_received" title="asyncio.Protocol.eof_received"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eof_received()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when an EOF is received.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">Buffered Streaming Protocols</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.BufferedProtocol.get_buffer" title="asyncio.BufferedProtocol.get_buffer"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_buffer()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called to allocate a new receive buffer.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.BufferedProtocol.buffer_updated" title="asyncio.BufferedProtocol.buffer_updated"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">buffer_updated()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when the buffer was updated with the received data.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.BufferedProtocol.eof_received" title="asyncio.BufferedProtocol.eof_received"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eof_received()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when an EOF is received.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">Datagram Protocols</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.DatagramProtocol.datagram_received" title="asyncio.DatagramProtocol.datagram_received"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datagram_received()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when a datagram is received.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.DatagramProtocol.error_received" title="asyncio.DatagramProtocol.error_received"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_received()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when a previous send or receive operation raises an
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">Subprocess Protocols</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.SubprocessProtocol.pipe_data_received" title="asyncio.SubprocessProtocol.pipe_data_received"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipe_data_received()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when the child process writes data into its
<em>stdout</em> or <em>stderr</em> pipe.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.SubprocessProtocol.pipe_connection_lost" title="asyncio.SubprocessProtocol.pipe_connection_lost"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipe_connection_lost()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when one of the pipes communicating with
the child process is closed.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">callback</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#asyncio.SubprocessProtocol.process_exited" title="asyncio.SubprocessProtocol.process_exited"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">process_exited()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Called when the child process has exited.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="event-loop-policies">
<h2>Event Loop Policies<a class="headerlink" href="#event-loop-policies" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>Policies is a low-level mechanism to alter the behavior of
functions like <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#asyncio.get_event_loop" title="asyncio.get_event_loop"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.get_event_loop()</span></code></a>.  See also
the main <a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-policy.html#asyncio-policies"><span class="std std-ref">policies section</span></a> for more
details.</p>
<p class="rubric">Accessing Policies</p>
<table border="1" class="colwidths-given full-width-table docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-policy.html#asyncio.get_event_loop_policy" title="asyncio.get_event_loop_policy"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Return the current process-wide policy.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-policy.html#asyncio.set_event_loop_policy" title="asyncio.set_event_loop_policy"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio.set_event_loop_policy()</span></code></a></td>
<td>Set a new process-wide policy.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-policy.html#asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy" title="asyncio.AbstractEventLoopPolicy"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AbstractEventLoopPolicy</span></code></a></td>
<td>Base class for policy objects.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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